Established to preserve
Carlsbad Cavern and numerous other caves within a Permian-age fossil reef,
the park contains more than 100 known caves, including Lechuguilla
Cave—the nation's deepest limestone cave at 1,567 feet (478m) and fourth
longest.
Carlsbad Cavern, with one of the world's largest
underground chambers and countless formations, is highly accessible, with
a variety of tours offered year-round.
The cave climate is cool and varies little from
the annual 56°F (13°C) average temperature. A light jacket or sweater, and
comfortable shoes with rubber soles for good traction are appropriate
year-round.
The park’s cultural resources represent a long and
varied continuum of human use starting in prehistoric times, and
illustrating many adaptations to the Chihuahuan Desert environment. Human
activities, including prehistoric and historic American Indian
occupations, European exploration and settlement, industrial exploitation,
commercial and cavern accessibility development, and tourism have each
left reminders of their presence, and each has contributed to the rich and
diverse history of the area. The park has two historic districts on the
National Register of Historic Places—the Cavern Historic District and the
Rattlesnake Springs Historic District. The park museum, including the park
archives, contains about 1,000,000 cultural resource specimens that are
being preserved and protected for future generations.